Device for receiving functional elements

ABSTRACT

A device ( 2 ) for accommodating functional elements in regions of a motor vehicle interior that are subjected to mechanical forces at least at times, having a base layer ( 8 ), an intermediate layer ( 10 ) and a cover layer ( 12 ), wherein the layers ( 8, 10, 12 ) are arranged so as to at least partially overlap one another, wherein the intermediate layer ( 10 ) has at least one support element ( 14 ) for the transmission of mechanical loads between the base layer ( 8 ) and cover layer ( 12 ), which element is made, in particular, of a firm but flexible material. In addition to the support element ( 14 ), additional, functional elements ( 18 ) are arranged in the remaining space ( 16 ) between the base layer ( 8 ), the cover layer ( 12 ) and the support element ( 14 ).

The present invention concerns a device for accommodating functionalelements according to the preamble of claim 1. Such functional elementscan be, in particular, cushion or trim elements of a motor vehicleinterior and more particularly of a vehicle seat.

Known from U.S. Pat. No. 1,541,213 B and from U.S. Pat. No. 2,922,466 Bare seat cushions in which a plurality of coils arranged next to oneanother in a single plane form a spacer layer between the seat and theuser. This is intended to prevent excessive sweating on the part of theuser. No actual control of moisture transport is provided herein.

Known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,992,604 B is a seat cushion that can beseparated from the seat in which air is moved by a fan and blown into acoil pad resting on the seat. In colder weather, especially in winter,such cushions must however be removed to make it possible to activate anexisting seat heater. Otherwise the seat cushion would screen thepassenger from the heat produced by the seat heater to an excessivedegree, thus rendering the heater largely ineffective.

It is known from DE 102 28 406 A1 to incorporate a heating conductorinto plastic coils in order to heat a seat. However, the efficiency ofsuch an arrangement is relatively limited since the distance to thepassenger located on the seat is very great.

It is considered an object of the present invention to createalternative devices for accommodating functional units in regions of avehicle interior subjected to mechanical forces.

This object is attained with the subject matter of the independentclaim. Features of advantageous refinements of the invention are foundin the dependent claims.

A device according to the invention for accommodating functionalelements in regions of a vehicle interior that are subjected tomechanical forces at least at times with the features of claim 1 makesprovision that, in a region or in a remaining space between a baselayer, a cover layer and a support element of the device, additional,and in particular electrical, functional elements are arranged. Thedevice according to the invention can be arranged, in particular, in avehicle seat, a door trim panel, or a dashboard. The device according tothe invention can likewise be another trim element and/or cushionelement in the vehicle interior. The design according to the inventionresults in very diverse and universal possibilities for the design ofthe device as well as diverse possibilities for application and use.

One embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicle seat has acushion core to support a passenger and a device for climate control ofthe vehicle seat. In particular, provision can be made that the deviceaccording to the invention is joined material-to-material to the cushioncore of the vehicle seat.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide the device withair distribution devices or layers. Thus, for example, an upper airdistribution device can be provided at a front side of a cushion corefacing the passenger and a lower air distribution device can be providedat a rear side of the cushion core facing away from the passenger. Inaddition, a connecting device to transfer air between the first andsecond air distribution layers can be present, for example in the formof an air duct or in the form of multiple air ducts. At least one of thethree said devices (upper and lower air distribution devices, connectingdevice) can have an elongated hollow space. This elongated hollow spaceis preferably formed of at least parts of the intermediate layer.Furthermore, provision can be made that at least one support element isprovided in the air-conducting cross-section of the hollow space.

In a first variant of the invention, the functional element can be asensor that in particular can be arranged directly under the supportelement. The sensor can, for example, serve to detect pressure,temperature, distance, moisture, acceleration, airborne sound orstructure-borne sound, for example vibrations.

According to another variant of the invention, the functional elementcan be a conducting device, in particular an optical waveguide, a flatcable, a round cable, a heating conductor, a pneumatic line or afluid-carrying hose. Possible fluids include, for example, coolant andthe like. The functional element can optionally also be an actuatingdevice, for example a massage device, an operating element, anadjustment device or a thermostat.

The functional element can optionally also be a passive non-electricaldevice, particularly a shaped or free-form filler. The filler can inparticular have heat-insulating materials such as polystyrene ormoisture-absorbing materials such as activated carbon. The filler can inparticular have textile or textile-like components such as wool, naturalfibers, recycled foam waste and/or rubberized hair, and in particularcan have a flocked or granular form or the like.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the support elementcan have a spring, in particular preferably a spring coiled in a spiralor meandering shape, which can in particular consist of or be made froma band-shaped plastic material. Provision can be made that the supportelement 14 is made of a firm but flexible material. The support elementpreferably includes multiple springs on a supporting layer that carriesthem, a spacer textile with a large air volume that is kept open, a foamwith a surface structure that in particular has a napped profile and/ora rubberized hair mat with bristles or made from or with, for example, anonwoven material.

If necessary, the support element can additionally have amoisture-storing surface, in particular through dusting or coating withactivated carbon or the like.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the deviceis connected to at least one ventilating device that serves to conveyair through the intermediate layer. The transfer of air from theventilating unit into the device according to the invention can, inparticular, be perpendicular to or flush with the intermediate layer.The transfer of air preferably takes place into a region of theintermediate layer having increased layer thickness. Moreover, it ispreferred that the transfer of air takes place into a region of theintermediate layer which has a thickened, round cross-section at one endand preferably has a flat, widened cross-section at the other end.

The ventilating device can, in particular, be connected to the frontside of the cushion core facing the passenger. However, if desired, theventilating device can also be connected at the rear side of the cushioncore facing away from the passenger.

The connecting device can preferably have at least one recess in thecushion core, which in particular can be arranged vertically. The recessin the cushion core is preferably connected to the intermediate layer ofthe upper air distribution device and/or the intermediate layer of thelower air distribution device, in such a manner as to permit the passageof air.

At least a portion of the intermediate layer can be routed around thecushion core at the side thereof from its front side to its rear side. Aconducting device can preferably be accommodated in this part of theintermediate layer. It can also be advantageous for the part of theintermediate layer to be located on the side of the cushion core thatfaces the hollows of the passenger's knees and/or the seat back.

Another preferred variant of the invention provides that the device hasmultiple recesses in the cushion core which preferably connect multipleindividual sections of the intermediate layer arranged on the cushioncore, and/or the upper air distribution device, to the intermediatelayer arranged under the cushion core and/or to the lower airdistribution device. The multiple individual sections are preferablyseparated from one another and spaced apart.

A textile layer, in particular, comes into consideration as the baselayer. This textile layer of the base layer can in particular have anonwoven mat, a foam and/or a film. The base layer is preferably thickenough to prevent support elements and/or functional elements fromshowing through. Furthermore, the base layer can at least in part betranslucent or transparent. Moreover, it can be advantageous if the baselayer is impermeable to water vapor and water-resistant. The base layercan, for example, be composed of the cushion core of the motor vehicleseat, a region of the intermediate layer that has increased density, aseat cover, and/or a planar heating element.

A textile layer, in particular, comes into consideration as the coverlayer. This textile layer of the base layer can in particular have anonwoven mat, a foam and/or a film. The cover layer is preferably thickenough to prevent support elements and/or functional elements fromshowing through. Furthermore, the cover layer can at least in part betranslucent or transparent. Moreover, it can be advantageous if thecover layer is impermeable to water vapor and water-resistant. The coverlayer can, for example, be composed of the cushion core of the motorvehicle seat, a region of the intermediate layer that has increaseddensity, a seat cover, and/or a planar heating element.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the baselayer is joined to the cushion core in a material-to-material fashion.The inventive device can in particular be joined to the cushion core byfoam molding during the manufacture thereof.

The intermediate layer and/or the base layer can in particular have alayer that is essentially impermeable to liquids and is arranged on theside of the intermediate layer facing the cushion core, saidintermediate layer preferably consisting of the same material as thecushion core. Polyurethane in particular comes into consideration as amaterial for this layer and the cushion core. The liquid-impermeablelayer can essentially constitute the base layer.

Furthermore, the base layer and/or the cover layer can have recessedand/or raised surface regions. In particular, channel-like regions canbe formed in this way. At least some of the support elements can bearranged in a recessed surface region. Preferably, all support elementsare arranged in recessed surface regions. In this case, the raisedsurface regions preferably have approximately the same height level asthe recessed regions with support elements.

The inventive device and/or parts thereof can be placed in recesses inthe cushion core and can be fastened there, for example, by adhesivejoins, hooks, hook-and-loop fasteners, or similar means.

Another variant of the invention provides that the planar electricheating element is arranged on or in the intermediate layer, the baselayer, and/or the cover layer. In particular, the heating element canconstitute one of these three said layers. The planar electric heatingelement can preferably have an electrically heatable textile that ispreferably arranged on the side of the intermediate layer facing thepassenger. The electrically heatable textile material of the heatingelement can, in particular, have carbon fibers and/or an electricallyconductive film and/or at least one stranded heating wire laid orarranged in a meandering shape.

In addition, a conductor, in particular a heating conductor, can beprovided which is arranged in particular in at least one intermediatespace between at least two support elements in the intermediate layer,or, in particular, is arranged in an intermediate space formed by asupport element in the intermediate layer.

A plurality of elongated, in particular essentially parallel,intermediate spaces can be formed by the support elements. A heatingconductor, preferably an insulated heating conductor, can be arranged inat least two such intermediate spaces. The heating conductor canoptionally be fastened to the device, in particular to the base layerand/or the cover layer at the transition of said heating conductor fromone intermediate space to the other intermediate space. This fasteningof the heating conductor can, for example, be composed of a strip ofadhesive material, which is arranged in particular essentiallyperpendicular to the intermediate spaces.

The intermediate layer and the planar heating element can be laminatedtogether, wherein an adhesive mat can serve as a support. Moreover,support elements which are made at least in part of a thermoplasticmaterial can be fused on and joined to the heating element, inparticular by pressing.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the cushion corelikewise has at least one support element. The cushion core can inparticular be composed essentially of a plurality of support elements.

Switching on of the heating element and/or of the heating conductor cancause air to flow along and in the intermediate layer. Such an airflowin the intermediate layer can also be induced by other means of heatingthe seat, in particular by solar radiation or by a passenger located onthe seat.

Additional functional elements, even mechanically sensitive or stifffunctional elements, may be placed in the free space within each of thesupport elements or between multiple support elements without sufferingdamage or bothering the passenger. Use of the invention can increase theefficiency of existing seat heating elements with regard to the timeresponse characteristics (sensation of heat), heat distribution, andregulation of temperature. The invention permits highly automatedmanufacture of planar heating elements of variable design. As a resultof the ventilation, the response characteristics of the heating can beimproved still further. As a result of the PTC semiconductor componentsas heating components, the product includes the function of anindependent overtemperature protection or independent temperatureregulation with no additional electronic controller. PTC stands forpositive temperature coefficient. A PTC conductor is thus a PTCthermistor or a conductor whose electrical resistance increases withincreasing temperature.

The invention is described in detail below on the basis of preferredexample embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. These show:

FIG. 1 a schematic, perspective view of a cushion core,

FIG. 2 another schematic, perspective view of a cushion core,

FIG. 3 a schematic, perspective view to illustrate various variants of abase layer,

FIG. 4 a schematic, perspective view of a cushion of a motor vehicleseat,

FIG. 5 a cross-sectional view of the motor vehicle seat from FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 a cross-sectional view of a first structural variant of thecushion core,

FIG. 7 a cross-sectional view of an alternative structural variant ofthe cushion core,

FIG. 8 a cross-sectional view of another structural variant of thecushion core,

FIG. 9 a perspective view of a first embodiment of a support element,

FIG. 10 a perspective view of another embodiment of a support element,

FIG. 11 a schematic view of a supporting layer with incorporated supportelements,

FIG. 12 a structural variant of an intermediate layer with recessed andraised surface regions,

FIG. 13 a design for a cover layer with surface structure appliedthereto,

FIG. 14 a first variant of a motor vehicle seat with ventilating devicearranged thereon,

FIG. 15 an alternative variant of a ventilating device joined to theintermediate layer,

FIG. 16 a schematic representation illustrating an air duct,

FIG. 17 another representation of a motor vehicle seat with heatingelement applied to its upper side,

FIGS. 18-21 various representations of coupling the ventilating deviceto the intermediate layer,

FIGS. 22 and 23 alternative structural variations of the base layer withsupport elements or conductive elements applied thereto,

FIG. 24 a schematic cross-sectional representation to illustrate analternative for coupling the ventilating device to the intermediatelayer, and

FIG. 25 a schematic cross-sectional representation of a motor vehicleseat with an inventive device.

FIG. 26 another embodiment of the invention in perspective view

FIG. 27 electrical equivalent schematic of the arrangement from FIG. 26

FIG. 28 cross-section through a seat with an arrangement from FIG. 26

FIG. 29 longitudinal section through a seat with details of attachmentof the ventilating device

FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a device according to the inventionfor accommodating functional elements in schematic, perspective view,using the example of a cushion. The cushion shown as the compositecomponent comprises a bottom cushion core 22 and a base layer 8 placedthereon and joined to the cushion core, which base layer is preferablydesigned as a layer 76 that is impermeable to liquids. Located on therelatively thin base layer 8 is an intermediate layer 10 that is appliedthereto and covered with a cover layer 12. The same situation, butwithout the cover layer 12, is shown once again in FIG. 2.

The cushion core 22 can be made, for example, of polyurethane foam(resilient polyurethane foam) or, for example, of rubberized hair. Theintermediate layer 10 that functions as a distribution layer is composedof a spacer material which is characterized by high air permeabilityboth transverse and perpendicular to the component surface. Air can flowthrough the intermediate layer 10 as illustrated in the followingfigures.

The schematic perspective view in FIG. 3 shows different designpossibilities for the base layer 8, which can have multiple stripsarranged adjacent to one another. Located above the base layer 8 is theintermediate layer 10. A first strip has functional elements 18, whichcan take the form of fillers 48, for example. A second strip adjacentthereto encompasses a support element 14 incorporated therein, which cantake the form, for example, of a coil spring or the like. In addition, afunctional element 18 in the form of a sensor 40 and/or an actuator 46can be applied to this center section of the base layer 8. The sensor 40can be embodied as a temperature sensor, for example. The third striphas a conducting device 42 in the form of a heating wire or the like, aswell as a support element 14 extending in a meandering shape. The coverlayer 12 over this is merely indicated.

The schematic perspective view in FIG. 4 illustrates one possibleconstruction of a vehicle seat 20. This seat has an interior cushioncore 22, which is covered by a U-shaped base layer 8. The base layer 8,embodied as a liquid-impermeable layer 76, encloses the cushion core 22on the latter's top, end face and underside. An intermediate layer 10running along the base layer 8 has a functional element 18 in the formof a conducting device 42, which functions as an electrical connectingline to a planar heating element 74, which is located on the cover layer12.

In the example embodiment shown, the region of the intermediate layer 10on the top/front side 27 of the cushion core 22 functions as a hollowspace 37 and/or as an upper air distribution device 25. The region ofthe intermediate layer 10 on the rear side 30 of the cushion core 22likewise forms a hollow space 37 and functions as a lower airdistribution device 32. The front region of the intermediate layer 10 atthe face of the cushion core 22 forms a hollow space 37, which functionsas a connecting device 35 between the upper air distribution device 25and the lower air distribution device 32.

FIGS. 5 to 8 illustrate various alternative possibilities for transportof air from the cushion lower side to the cushion upper side.

FIG. 5 once again illustrates the structure of the vehicle seat 20 fromFIG. 4, in a schematic cross-sectional view. An air distribution layerthat extends continuously over the foam core of the cushion core 22creates the air connection between the upper and lower sides of thecushion here. This can be achieved by a mat-like layer, which is wrappedover the front surface or rear side surface of the cushion core 22 suchthat the upper distribution layer 25, lower distribution layer 32 andair connection 35 are implemented in a single continuous component. Thecushion core 22 is preferably rounded in such a way that the ventilatinglayer cannot buckle, even when a person sits in it, as such bucklingcould impede or disrupt the air flow.

According to another embodiment, the cushion upper side and cushionlower side can be joined by one or more air passages runningperpendicular within the cushion layer 22.

FIG. 6 illustrates, in a schematic cross-sectional view, a possibleembodiment of the cushion core 22 of the vehicle seat that hasvertically arranged recesses 68, each of which functions as connectingdevices 35 between the lower air distribution device 32 and the upperair distribution device 25. The vertical recesses 68 in the cushion core22 represent a connection between the lower intermediate layer 10 andthe upper intermediate layer 10. The lower intermediate layer 10functions here as the lower air distribution device 32, while the upperintermediate layer 10 functions as the upper air distribution device 25.A base layer 8 embodied as a liquid-impermeable layer 76 can be arrangedbetween the cushion core 22 and the intermediate layer 10 in each case.

If the ventilated area on the cushion surface is divided into multiplesections by depressions, which are formed for example by transversestitching in the cover, then each section must be provided with at leastone air passage. FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative design of the cushioncore 22 to this end. In this context, vertical recesses 68, 68′ arelikewise provided in the cushion core 22 and function as connectingdevices 35. The upper intermediate layer 10, which functions as an upperair distributing device 25, is segmented into individual sections 70,70′ of the intermediate layer 10. Located thereon is a thin layer of thecushion core 22 which is covered by a seat cover 72. The lowerintermediate layer 10, designed as a lower air distributing device 32,is embodied as a continuous volume element in the same manner as in FIG.6.

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic sectional view of a possible embodimentof the intermediate layer 10, which has a number of support elements 14that are embodied as tube-like springs 50. Said springs serve as theupper air distribution device 25, as the space 38 which they enclose ishollow. Above them is located a heating element 74, which is covered bya thin upholstery layer. On top of this is the seat cover 72, whichsimultaneously forms the cover layer 12.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a spring 50, which functionsas a support element 14. This spring 50 is wound in the shape of aspiral. FIG. 10 shows an alternative version of the spring 50, whichlikewise constitutes a support element 14. This spring 50 is designed ina meandering shape.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show two different variants of the lower airdistribution layer 32.

FIG. 11 illustrates a series of springs 50 arranged parallel and next toone another in a supporting layer 52. The coil springs 50 constitute thesupport elements 14 in the supporting layer 52. FIG. 11 thus illustratesa first variant embodiment of the lower air distribution layer 32 whichis composed of a planar material. This results in large cross-sectionsfor conducting and distributing air with a relatively small depth, whichcan typically be approximately 5 mm to 15 mm. This layer can be a coilmat that is produced by adhering the coils to the textile support medium(support layer 52). The support can advantageously face toward the foamcore or toward the seat structure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic perspective view of another possibleembodiment of the intermediate layer 10 in which are incorporatedrecessed surface regions 80 that are embodied as channel-like regions84. These regions are separated from one another by raised surfaceregions 82. Located within the recessed surface regions 80 are springs50, which function individually as support elements 14. As a result, oneor more channel depressions are formed on the underside of the foam,running parallel to the undersurface of the foam. Coils provide thechannel depressions with support so they do not collapse when a personsits in them. The channels may run parallel to one another or extendoutward in the shape of a star, from a center where the ventilatingdevice 60 or fan is located, to the various cushion regions. The shapeof the channel may be made semi-round, rectangular, or trapezoidal, asdesired.

There are a number of design options for the upper air distributionlayer 25 facing the passenger. Thus, for example, the layer may take theform of a structured coil mat that is produced by adhering the coils toa textile support medium. The support can face toward the foam core ortoward the seat structure.

Alternatively, the layer can also be made up of one or more strata ofspacer fabric. The fabric is produced by punching the desired contour ofthe ventilated field. The upper air distribution layer 25 can alsooptionally consist of a flat, formed rubberized hair body, a bristledmat or other air-permeable materials.

Another alternative design can provide that the cushion core has astructured, napped surface. An additional molded foam part with astructured surface can also be glued to the foam body. The molded foampart can be manufactured from reticulated (open-cell, air-permeable)foam. The structure can then also face the foam core. This achievesreduced show-through of the structure on the surface of the seat cover.The structuring can be produced through embossing of the foam or bymaterial removal (milling).

FIG. 13 shows another possible design of the cover layer 12, which hasraised surface structures 54.

Ventilation of the seat contact surface using the cushion elementdescribed above can be implemented in a number of ways.

A ventilated design of the motor vehicle seat 20 is illustrated by theschematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 14. The vehicle seat has acushion layer 22 and an intermediate layer 10 that encloses the cushionlayer on at least three sides. The base layer 8, designed as aliquid-impermeable layer 76, is located at least between the upper airdistribution device 25 and the cushion layer 22. Located beneath themotor vehicle seat here is a ventilating device 60, which provides anairflow into the intermediate layer 10. The ventilating device 60 canblow air into the lower air distribution device 32, which is thenconveyed through the connecting device 35 into the upper airdistribution device 25. The fan can be attached to the seat structure orto the cushion part itself. The lower ventilating layer has an airintake opening for this purpose.

FIG. 15 shows another alternative embodiment of the vehicle seat inwhich the ventilating device 60 is arranged on a narrow side of theintermediate layer 10. In this example embodiment, the ventilatingdevice 60 discharges into the upper air distribution device 25.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show different flow paths of the airflow introduced intothe intermediate layer 10. While FIG. 16 shows a vehicle seat with noheating device, the representation in FIG. 17 has a planar heatingelement 74 located on the upper air distribution device 25.

In the embodiment in FIG. 16, the lower ventilation layer 32 has an airintake opening, while the upper layer 25 has a covered air outletopening. This outlet can be installed between the backrest and seatcushion, where it can neither be seen nor felt by the seat passenger, orit can be incorporated in the backrest cover, and thus be directed atthe backseat passenger. The airflow under the seat contact surface isproduced through natural convection, which arises through heating of theair in the upper layer in the manner of a chimney. The heating arisesfrom the passenger's body heat, which is transmitted to the seatcushion.

In accordance with FIG. 17, the heating of the air in the upperdistribution layer 25 can be accomplished by a heating mediumincorporated in the layer. The heating of the air causes a largertemperature difference with respect to the ambient air, and thusstronger convection. In addition, the warm air has a greater capacity toabsorb humidity.

The heating of the air in the upper distribution layer 25 can optionallyalso result from the heating of the seat surface by solar radiation whenthe vehicle is parked. The resulting air circulation prevents thecushion core 22 from heating up excessively. In addition, the upper airdistribution layer 25 has a heat insulating effect. Additional heatingof the sunlit cushion core 22 would have adverse thermophysiologicaleffects for the passenger during travel, since heat is delivered fromthe thermal mass of the foam and the seat structure to the body over along period of time.

FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 each show different embodiments of the ventilatingdevice 60 located on the motor vehicle seat. Thus FIG. 18 illustrates aventilating device 60 embodied as an axial fan which blows the air intothe intermediate layer 10 perpendicular to the planar extension of theintermediate layer. Located on the underside of the air distributionlayer 32 is an air intake opening in the spacer medium. Thecross-sectional area of the opening corresponds to that of the airoutlet opening of the fan. The opening in the structured coil matresults from a cutout in the cover layer that is optionally supported bya frame or a grid to protect the fan rotor.

FIG. 19 shows a radial fan that blows the air through the end face intothe intermediate layer 10 along the planar extension of the intermediatelayer. The fan 60 is thus attached to the end face of the distributionlayer. An adaptor adapts the cross-sectional shape of the fan outlet tothe planar intake into the distribution layer. It is preferable for flowreasons to use a radial fan that has a narrower outlet than an axial fanhas, and that deflects the air drawn in from beneath by 90 degrees whenblowing it out.

FIG. 20 illustrates a region 62 of the intermediate layer 10 which atone end 64 has a ventilating device 60 in the form of an axial fan thatconveys the air through the region 62 to the other end 66 of theintermediate layer 10. FIG. 21 illustrates a region 62 of theintermediate layer 10 which at one end 64 has the ventilating device 60.The other end 66 guides the air into the entire intermediate layer 10.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the structured coil matopens onto an enlarging connecting duct that is supported by circularcoils of increasing diameter. The cross-section of the intake opening atthe end of the duct corresponds to that of the fan's outlet opening. Theduct can optionally also be formed by the continuation, expansion andmeshing of the coils from the structured coil mat.

FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic top view of the base layer 8, theincorporated conducting devices 42 and heating conductor 44. Inaddition, support elements 14 are provided which hold the applicableheating conductor 44 in position.

The schematic top view in FIG. 23 illustrates a heating conductor 44that is affixed to the base layer 8. The heating conductor is laidhelically on the base layer 8. In this example embodiment, a number or aplurality of elongated intermediate spaces 88, 88′, which are parallelto one another, are formed by the support elements 14. A conductingdevice 42 in the form of an insulated heating conductor 44 extends inthe intermediate spaces 88, 88′. The heating conductor 44 is affixed tothe base layer 8 in a transition 92 from one intermediate space 88 tothe other intermediate space 88′. In the example embodiment shown, thisattachment is accomplished by means of strips 94 of adhesive materialthat are arranged perpendicular to the intermediate spaces 88, 88′.However, provision may also be made for the strips 94 to be embodied aselectrodes.

The schematic representation in FIG. 24 illustrates one possibleconnection between the ventilating device 60 and the connecting device35 of the intermediate layer 10 that is arranged around the cushion core22.

Finally, FIG. 25 illustrates a climate control device 2 that can beinserted in a recess 86 of the cushion core 22.

FIG. 26 shows an especially preferred embodiment. Illustrated is a baselayer 8 (alternatively, the cover layer 12), on which are arranged aplurality of support elements 14. In the present exemplary embodiment,the support elements 14 have the shape of elongated coils that arearranged approximately parallel to one another with respect to theirlongitudinal axes.

One electrical conductor 43 runs along the longitudinal axis of eachsupport element 14. This conductor 43 is enclosed by the support element14, so the conductor is well protected from external forces. Theelectrical conductor 43 can be a heating cable. In the present case,however, it is a flat cable, preferably with two conductors.

Preferably at least one electric heating component 47 is arranged oneach electrical conductor 43. Preferably a plurality of heatingcomponents 47, preferably at regular intervals, are attached to eachelectrical conductor 43. These are preferably PTC elements, e.g. ofsemiconductor ceramic of barium titanate. The heating components 47 ofan electrical conductor 43 are preferably contacted electricallyparallel to one another. FIG. 27 shows the electrical equivalentschematic of the arrangement from FIG. 26.

The plurality of electrical conductors 43 is connected to a power sourcethrough a shared bus bar 45, forming a comb-like conductor structure.The bus bar 45 runs approximately perpendicular to the electricalconductors 43 at the edge of the base layer 8 or the cover layer 12.

FIG. 28 shows the arrangement from FIG. 26 installed in a motor vehicleseat. The cover layer 12 is arranged beneath a seat cover 72. Thesupport elements 14 run along the cover layer 12 in the intermediatelayer 10 with the electrical conductors 43 accommodated therein and theheating components 47. A fan device 60 stands in fluid-permeableconnection with the intermediate layer 10.

During operation, the heating components 47 heat by means of ohmicheating. The characteristic increase in the heater resistance of PTCcomponents with increasing temperature results in a temperaturelimitation or a self-regulation of the heat output of the component andthus determines the components' final temperature. The heat passes,primarily by conduction, through the air enclosed in the intermediatelayer 10, and the seat cover 72 located between a passenger 96 and theheating components 47, to the body of the passenger. The air layer inthe intermediate layer 10 contributes to heat distribution by convectivemixing. With additional use of the ventilating device 60, air isconveyed through the intermediate layer 10 and the air-permeable seatcover 72, and produces a convective heat transport to the passenger 96.This action increases the rapid perception of system operation whilesimultaneously improving heat distribution.

In addition to appropriate selection of the type, number, density andsize of the heating components, the control of the current level,switch-on times, and the PTC effect of the heating components can alsobe used to control the heat output.

In addition, it can be beneficial for the heat output to be controlledby regulation of the airflow of the ventilating device 60. Higherairflows bring about greater convective cooling of the PTC components,and thus, by lowering the resistance, to an increase in the heat outputgenerated. The physiologically effective heat output likewise increasesin a certain air volume flow region.

Moreover, provision may be made for a time delayed switch-on of the fanafter a preheating phase of the PTC components. This can also contributeto an increase in the subjectively perceived response characteristics ofthe car seat heater. At the same time, this avoids fanning the passengerwith initially cold air in the seat. High switch-on currents of the PTCcomponents may necessitate series connection of a physical unit forcurrent limitation (example: NTC semiconductor component) so that thevehicle's on-board network is not overloaded.

FIG. 28 shows details of an attachment of a ventilating device 60 to theintermediate layer 10. Arranged on a cushion core 22 are an intermediatelayer 10, a cover layer 12, and a seat cover 72. Provided approximatelyin the center of the cushion core 22 is a recess 68, which penetratesthe cushion core 22 from the side of the cushion core 22 facing awayfrom a passenger 96 to the intermediate layer 10. Arranged in the recess68 is a ventilating device 60 in order to feed air from the side of thecushion core 22 facing away from the passenger 96 to the intermediatelayer 10.

An anchoring means 97 is provided to attach the ventilating device 60 tothe intermediate layer 10. This anchoring means has a fastening device100 on the ventilating device and a retaining device 96 on theintermediate layer 10.

In the present case, the fastening device 100 is a cable tie thatengages a few windings of at least one support element 14 in theintermediate layer 10 in order to fasten the ventilating device 60 tothe intermediate layer. This method of attachment is at the same timesturdy, cost-effective, and sufficiently yielding to mechanical loading.However, instead of a cable tie, hooks or clips would also be possiblefor fixing the ventilating device 60 to a support element 14 or acorresponding component.

The retaining device 98 in the present case is a short stud that isattached—preferably welded—to at least one support element 14. This studguides the ventilating device 60 into the desired position duringinstallation and snaps it into its final position. Instead of a stud,however, a flange or similar mechanical mounting interface may also beprovided.

Preferably the anchoring means 97 also has a vibration damper 99. Thisdamper can take the form of appropriately loose cable ties as in theexample embodiment. Preferably, however, vibration absorbers made ofrubber in the form of plates or pegs are used, which are preferablyarranged between the ventilating device 60 and the intermediate layer10.

Dehumidification of the seat surface can be improved by an intermediatemoisture buffer in the upper spacer medium, for example in the region ofthe upper cover layer 12. Such dehumidification can have advantageouseffects especially in the event of arrival in the vehicle of a personwho perspires heavily, since moisture or water vapor incident on theseat contact surface can be rapidly absorbed by the upholstery. Theheating and ventilation of the upholstery continuously empties anddehumidifies the buffer. The buffer can be introduced into the layer ina number of ways. For instance, the interstices of the coils and/or thevolume enclosed by the coils can be filled with a moisture-adsorbinggranulate, for example activated carbon. The surface of the coils canalso be dusted with moisture-adsorbing powder. The adhesion of thepowder can be ensured by such means as melting onto the coil surface orthe use of an adhesive coating. The coil pad can also be provided with amoisture-absorbing nonwoven cover layer.

The air distribution layers (intermediate layers 10) must be firmlyjoined to the cushion core 22 in order to prevent shifting of the layersduring installation of the cover (upholstering) or during use of theseat. This joining can of course be achieved in a number of ways. Forinstance, the distribution layer can be introduced in a foam moldingprocess. This achieves full-area adhesion of the layer. A separatorlayer of film or dense textile prevents penetration of the liquid foamduring the manufacturing process and keeps the channels (coil channels)open. The separator layer can optionally replace the downward-facingsupporting layer of the coil mat in whole or in part.

Alternatively, the distribution layer can be introduced in the form of apad that is inserted in recesses in the foam core. The recessesconstitute a negative image of the outside shape of the pad. Slipping ofthe pad is prevented by the interlocking connection.

Another variant consists in that retaining mechanisms in the form ofclaws, hooks, or hook-and-loop closures are attached to the foam core.These retaining mechanisms are preferably fastened or foam-molded to thefoam core during the foam molding process. The retaining mechanismsengage the microstructure of the distribution layer or the supportelements.

The distribution layer can optionally be fastened to the foam core by anadhesive joint.

Finally, the supporting layer facing the foam surface can have a contouroverlap beyond the spacer medium. The overlapping edge of the textile orfilm-like layer is joined to the foam core with an adhesive bond.

A molded foam part with a comfort layer in the region of the seatcontact surface can be designed in a number of ways. Thus, for example,a heating medium can be area-bonded to a spacer medium. This compositecovers the upper side of a molded foam core facing a passenger. Theheating medium here forms the outer layer facing the surface. Thecomfort composite is preferably introduced during foam-molding in themanufacturing process, which can result in a stable, adhesive-freefull-area join. The heating medium can optionally also be an integralcomponent of the spacer medium.

Possibilities for the spacer medium include, in particular, a materialthat is relatively soft in bending and has a pronounced compressionhardness and pronounced recovery properties, so that defined open spacesremain in the cushion when a passenger is present. Nonetheless, themedium must be able to adapt relatively easily to each contour in thefoam and be able to transmit compressive loads to the foam withoutnotable spreading so that the medium does not degrade passenger seatingcomfort.

The layer can, for example, take the form of a structured coil mat. Thiscoil mat is produced by adhering the coils (support elements 14) to atextile support medium (support layer 52, see FIG. 13). The support canface toward the foam core or toward the seat structure. Optionally, thelayer can also be made up of one or more layers of spacer fabric. Thefabric can be produced by punching the desired contour of the ventilatedfield.

Alternatively, the layer can also consist of a flat, formed rubberizedhair body, a bristled mat or other air-permeable materials.

The cushion core 22 can have a structured, napped surface. An additionalmolded foam part with a structured surface can also be glued to the foambody if desired. In particular, the molded foam part can be manufacturedfrom reticulated (open-cell, air-permeable) foam. This structure canface the foam core if desired. This achieves reduced show-through of thestructure on the surface of the cover. The structuring can be producedthrough embossing of the foam or by material removal (for example bymilling).

The planar heating medium can be joined to the spacer medium by means ofan adhesive layer in a laminating process. Preferably a heat-activatedor superheated steam-activated adhesive nonwoven mat is used. The planarheating medium can consist of a heating conductor that is laid or gluedto a planar support. It can also consist of a network of parallel carbonfibers applied to a textile support in a sewing/knitting process. Theheating medium can optionally also be made of metallic coating on asupport film. Finally, an alternative variant of the heating medium cancomprise a conductive plastic layer. The plastic is characterized by adecrease in specific conductivity with increasing temperature (PTC). Theheating current flows between two electrode layers perpendicular to thecushion surface. The heat output can thus differ regionally as afunction of the removal of heat.

The loops can be affixed to the support by adhesive dots at the turningpoints or can be held on an adhesive strip on a projecting edge of thesupport.

Another alternative variant provides that the thermoplastic surface ofthe thermoplastic coils is melted on by the application of heat. Theapplication of heat can be accomplished, for example; by radiation, hotair or by heating of the conductor itself. In this way, adhesive dotsare created at the contact points of the conductor to the coils, andthese dots provide a mechanical connection after curing of thethermoplastic.

In addition, the heating conductors can each have an insulating jacketthat protects against abrasion.

The attachment of the spacer medium to the foam can be embodied in thefollowing manner. The distribution layer can be mixed in during the foammolding process. This achieves a full-area adhesion of the layer. Aseparator layer of film or dense textile prevents penetration of theliquid foam during the manufacturing process and keeps the channels(coil channels) open. The separator layer can replace the upward-facingsupporting layer of the coil mat in whole or in part. A projecting endof the separator layer likewise protects the lateral edges of the spacermedium. The projecting end can be wrapped around the spacer medium andfixed in place on its upper side.

A possible embodiment for a structured coil mat with filled intermediatespaces is described in detail below (see also FIGS. 11 and 12). A moldedfoam part with a comfort layer in the region of the seat contact surfacecan be designed as follows. The comfort layer is composed of astructured coil mat. The coil mat is produced by adhering the coils to atextile support medium. The support can face toward the foam core 22 ortoward the seat structure. Adhesion of the coils to the support can alsobe accomplished by melting the bands of thermoplastic material.

The structured coil mat itself is a spacer medium that is soft inbending and has high compression hardness and excellent recoveryproperties, so that defined open spaces remain when a passenger ispresent. Nonetheless, the medium can adapt easily to each contour in thefoam and can transmit compressive loads to the foam without spreading.As a result, the medium does not degrade the seating comfort of thecushion.

The open spaces in the coil mat may be filled with materials to enhancecomfort. They may optionally also be used for routing the conductors andto accommodate sensors and/or actuators. The cushioning characteristicsof the unfilled spacer material should be largely maintained, which iswhy only part of the available volume may be filled. This fill mayconsist of balls, granulate or flakes, for example. Possible fillermaterials include, for example, little balls of thermally insulatingStyrofoam or polystyrene, which would achieve reduced heating of thefoam core by solar radiation when the vehicle is parked. The heat storedin the cushion core has adverse thermophysiological effects on thepassenger during travel. The upper layer has a thermal insulating effectin wintery conditions as well, so less body heat is conducted to thefoam core of a cold vehicle seat.

The fill can also consist, for example, of moisture-adsorbing granulate,for example activated carbon, which can have the effect of improvingcomfort of the seat climate.

Recycled foam flakes, which provide good cushion comfort and adequaterecovery properties, are also suitable as fill.

A granulate/foam flake mixture as fill makes for good cushion comfort,adequate recovery properties and improved seat climate comfort.

Finally, the fill can also consist of natural animal and/or plantfibers, which likewise can improve seat climate comfort and thermalcomfort.

The open spaces in the coil mat may be used to accommodate sensors. Forexample, pressure sensors for so-called seat occupancy detection aresuitable for this purpose. When these sensors are designed in the mannerof a film, they are preferably arranged beneath the coil mat. The coilmat has the characteristic of further transmitting the pressureinformation downward. In this way, the sensors are protected from damagethat could occur through seat use if they were installed close to theseat cover or close to the surface.

Other sensors that may be considered also include temperature sensorsfor seat heaters and/or climate control, moisture sensors forcontrolling seat climate devices, thermostats for seat heaters and/oroperating switches or pressure sensors for operating seat adjustmentunits and other electromechanical comfort elements. The open spaces inthe coil mat may optionally be used to accommodate actuators, forexample for massage motors.

Of course, the open spaces in the coil mat may also be used toaccommodate lines or conductors (conducting devices 42, heatingconductors 44). In this way, the conductors are protected from damageduring installation and when the seat is used. Moreover, the lines orconductors cannot be felt by the seat user and do not mark theupholstery surface during the course of use. Such lines and conductorsthat may be considered include, in particular, heating conductors, roundcables to supply seat heaters and/or seat adjustment units, flat bandlines to supply seat heaters and/or seat adjustment units, supply hosesfor pneumatic seat adjustment units and/or hoses carrying fluids forseat heaters and/or for seat cooling devices.

A layer that extends continuously over the foam core, known as a comfortlayer, creates the connection between the upper and lower sides of thecushion. This can be achieved by a component with a mat-like design(intermediate layer 10) that is wrapped over the front surface, or rearside surface, of the cushion core 22. The cushion core 22 is rounded insuch a way that, even when a person sits in it, the layer cannot buckle,which could damage lines routed through the layer. Moreover, the routingof the lines is hidden in this way, so the user can neither see nor feelthen (see also FIG. 4, for example).

The supporting layers for the coil medium can have the followingcharacteristics. The cover layer can be made of a textile medium or offoam, so that show-through on the upholstery surface of the fillgranulate, lines or conductors, sensors, or the coils themselves can beprevented. This cover layer may be wide-meshed or open-celled. However,the granulate pieces should not be able to penetrate the cover layereven when the seat is being used.

Moreover, the cover layer can be vapor-permeable and water-resistant inorder to protect components and media located beneath this layer fromthe entry of liquids, while simultaneously safeguarding comfort of theseat climate.

For the cover layer, a wide variety of materials can be considered thatadditionally improve the cushioning characteristics of the seat and thefeel of the upholstery surface. Such materials may be nonwoven fabrics,textiles, foams or films. The implementation of an adhesive joint to thecoil medium can have the effect of limiting the choice.

The cover layer can also have a light-permeable film in conjunction witha perforated cover surface and a lighting medium in the seat so thatillumination of the upholstery surface is possible. This lighting can beused to make visible the positions of operating controls, sensors and/orthe functional state of a comfort element.

Moreover, such lighting can improve the visual quality of the seatdesign.

The geometric and design freedom of the coil structure facilitateoptional substitution of the entire foam core. The use of multiple coillayers, large coil cross-sections and/or intermeshed coils achieves theconstruction of a voluminous shaped body. The processing of the surfaceprofile can be undertaken as the final fabrication step due to thethermoplastic deformability.

The composite of upholstery cover fabric and backing cloth itself may beused as the supporting layer for the coil medium. As a result, the seatcushion as a whole, consisting of cushion core, cover and undersprings,is replaced by a single modular unit.

A climate control device for a passenger compartment of a vehicle may beprovided, with a base layer 8, with a cover layer 12 facing a passenger96 that is arranged to at least partially overlap the base layer 8, withan intermediate layer 10 that is arranged between the base layer 8 andthe cover layer 12 and that has at least one support element 14 in theform of a spiral spring, which support element holds the base layer 8and the cover layer 12 apart from one another in order to maintain ahollow space 37 between them, wherein the climate control device has atleast one electrical conductor 43 which is/are arranged in the hollowspace 37.

Provision can be made that the climate control device has at least oneelectric heating element 49 and that the electrical conductor 43 and/orthe electrical heating element 49 are composed of a heating conductor44.

Provision can be made that the electrical conductor 43 runs along atleast a part of the support element 14, preferably inside and/or outsidethe space 3 enclosed by the coils of the support element 14.

Provision can be made that a plurality of electrical conductors 38 orconductor sections 41, 41′ are provided which are electrically wired inparallel to one another and/or are routed approximately parallel to oneanother, and which are connected to one another through at least onecommon bus bar 45 and/or by alternating connection of the ends of aconductor section 41 with the respective ends of adjacent conductorsections 41′.

Provision can be made that at least one conductor 43 is equipped with atleast one heating component 47, which preferably has a heatingresistance with PTC characteristics, preferably with a semiconductorceramic with barium titanate.

Provision can be made that at least one conductor 43 is equipped with aplurality of heating components 47, which preferably are connectedelectrically in parallel to one another.

Provision can be made that the electrical conductor 43 is composed of aflat cable and/or a flat conductor.

Provision can be made that the device has a fan device 60, which isfastened to the support element 14 by a direct or indirect anchoringmeans 97.

Provision can be made that the anchoring means has a retaining device98—in particular a welded on retaining plate or a guide stud—which hason it at least one support element 14 on which the ventilating device 60can be mounted, and also that the ventilating device 60 has a fasteningdevice 100—in particular hooks, clips or cable ties—by means of whichthe ventilating device 60 can be attached to the at least one supportelement 14, and/or that the anchoring means 97 has at least onevibration damper 99′ that damps transmission of vibrations from the fandevice 60 to the support element 14, preferably in the form of rubberpegs.

Provision can be made that regulation of the heat output of the heatingelement 49 takes place by means of the PTC characteristics of theheating element 49 and/or the volume flow of the ventilating device 60.

1.-10. (canceled)
 11. A device for accommodating functional elements inregions of a vehicle interior that are subject to mechanical loads,comprising: a base layer; an intermediate layer; a cover layer, thelayers being arranged so as to at least partially overlap one another,and wherein the intermediate layer has at least one support element forthe transmission of mechanical loads between the base layer and coverlayer; and electrical functional elements arranged in a space betweenthe base layer, functional layer and the support element.
 12. A deviceaccording to claim 11 comprising: a vehicle seat comprising a cushioncore for supporting a passenger, and a climate control device, whereinthe climate control device comprises an upper air distribution device ata front side of the cushion core facing the passenger to distribute airalong the front side of the cushion core, a lower air distributiondevice at a rear side facing away from the passenger to distribute airalong the rear side of the cushion core, and a connecting device fortransferring air between the first and second air distribution devices.13. A device according to claim 12 wherein each of the upper airdistribution device, lower air distribution device and connecting deviceinclude an elongated hollow space comprising at least a portion of theintermediate layer and in whose air-conducting cross-section, at leastone support element is provided.
 14. A device according to claim 11wherein the function element is a sensor for detecting pressure ortemperature, the sensor being arranged beneath the support element. 15.A device according to claim 11 wherein the functional element is anelectrical conductor.
 16. A device according to claim 15 wherein theelectrical conductor comprises at least one heating component.
 17. Adevice according to claim 16 wherein the at least one heating componentcomprises a PTC element.
 18. A device according to claim 12 wherein theconnecting device comprises at least one recess in the cushion coreconnected to an intermediate layer of the upper air distribution deviceor the an intermediate layer of the lower air distribution device so asto permit the passage of air.
 19. A device according to claim 13 whereinthe connecting device comprises at least one recess in the cushion coreconnected to an intermediate layer of the upper air distribution deviceor the an intermediate layer of the lower air distribution device so asto permit the passage of air.
 20. A device according to claim 12 whereinat least a portion of the intermediate layer is routed around thecushion core at a side thereof, from its front side to its rear side,and wherein a conducting device is accommodated in said portion.
 21. Adevice according to claim 19 wherein at least a portion of theintermediate layer is routed around the cushion core at a side thereof,from its front side to its rear side, and wherein a conducting device isaccommodated in said portion.
 22. A device according to claim 12 whereinthe cushion core comprises a plurality of recesses which connect aplurality of individual sections of an intermediate layer arranged onthe cushion core or the upper air distribution device to an intermediatelayer arranged under the cushion core or the lower air distributiondevice.
 23. A device according to claim 22 wherein the plurality ofsections are separated from one another and spaced apart.
 24. A deviceaccording to claim 12 comprising an essentially liquid-impermeable layerarranged on a side of an intermediate layer facing the cushion core. 25.A device according to claim 24 wherein the essentiallyliquid-impermeable layer comprises the same material as the cushioncore.
 26. A device according to claim 11 comprising at least one heatingconductor arranged in at least one intermediate space between at leasttwo support elements in the intermediate layer, or in an intermediatespace formed by a support element in the intermediate layer.
 27. Adevice according to claim 18 comprising at least one heating conductorarranged in at least one intermediate space between at least two supportelements in the intermediate layer, or in an intermediate space formedby a support element in the intermediate layer.
 28. A device accordingto claim 11 comprising a plurality of elongated intermediate spacesformed by the support elements, and wherein at least one heatingconductor is arranged in at least two such intermediate spaces.
 29. Adevice according to claim 12 comprising a plurality of elongatedintermediate spaces formed by the support elements, and wherein at leastone heating conductor is fixed to the base layer or cover layer at atransition from one intermediate space to the other intermediate space.30. A device according to claim 29 wherein the at least one heatingelement is fixed by an adhesive strip arranged substantiallyperpendicular to the intermediate spaces.